Search This Blog

Tuesday 24 November 2015

Virtual R&D Teams: A New Model for Product Development



Virtual R&D Teams: A New Model for Product Development

Nader Ale Ebrahim


Abstract



Increased global competitions have urged small and medium
enterprises (SMEs) to develop new products faster. Virtual research and
development (R&D) teams in SMEs can offer a solution to speed up
time-to-market of new product development (NPD). However, factors that
affect the effectiveness of virtual teams for NPD are still not
adequately verified. This paper presents the correlations between
virtual R&D team constructs and virtual team effectiveness by
developing a “Virtual Research and Development Team
(ViR&DT) model. The items, which may influence the effectiveness of
virtual teams, are taken from the literature. Through an online survey
and by application of structural equation modeling (SEM) technique, the
proposed model (ViR&DT) has been tested. The results suggest that
the process construct is strongly correlated to the effectiveness of
virtual teams. Therefore, NPD managers in virtual R&D teams
should concentrate on the process of new product development rather
than simply equipping the teams with the latest technology or employing
highly qualified experts. Further empirical research is recommended to
fully explore and appreciate the breadth of application of the
ViR&DT model.


Keywords



Virtual R&D teams; Collaborative teams; Questionnaires; Team performance; Cross-functional teams; Product development


Full Text:

Pdf/English

References



Ale Ebrahim, N. (2012). Development of an effectual
collaborative model for new product development in SMEs through virtual
R&D teams. UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA.


Ale Ebrahim, N., Abdul Rashid, S. H., Ahmed, S., & Taha,
Z. (2011). The Effectiveness of Virtual R&D Teams in SMEs:
Experiences of Malaysian SMEs. Industrial Engineering and Management
Systems, 10(2), 109-114.


Ale Ebrahim, N., Ahmed, S., Abdul Rashid, S. H., & Taha,
Z. (2011, 22- 24 December). Knowledge Worker Role in the Virtual R&D
Teams for New Product Development: A Measurement Model. Paper presented
at the International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Renewable
Energy 2011 (ICMERE2011), Chittagong, Bangladesh.


Ale Ebrahim, N., Ahmed, S., Abdul Rashid, S. H., & Taha,
Z. (2012). Technology Use in the Virtual R&D Teams. American Journal
of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 5(1), 9-14.


Ale Ebrahim, N., Ahmed, S., Abdul Rashid, S. H., Taha, Z.,
& Wazed, M. A. (2012). Virtual Collaborative R&D Teams in
Malaysia Manufacturing SMEs. Advanced Materials Research, 433-440,
1653-1659.


Ale Ebrahim, N., Ahmed, S., & Taha, Z. (2008, 18-19
December). Virtual R&D Teams: A Sustainable Infrastructure for
Promoting SMEs. Paper presented at the 2nd Engineering Conference (EnCon
2008), Crowne Plaza Riverside Hotel, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.


Ale Ebrahim, N., Ahmed, S., & Taha, Z. (2009a). Virtual R
& D teams in small and medium enterprises: A literature review.
[Review]. Scientific Research and Essay, 4(13), 1575–1590.


Ale Ebrahim, N., Ahmed, S., & Taha, Z. (2009b, 11-12 May).
Virtual R&D Teams: Innovation and Technology Facilitator. Paper
presented at the Engineering Education in 2025, School of Engineering
and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.


Ale Ebrahim, N., Ahmed, S., & Taha, Z. (2009c). Virtual
Teams for New Product Development – An Innovative Experience for R&D
Engineers. European Journal of Educational Studies, 1(3), 109-123.


Ale Ebrahim, N., Ahmed, S., & Taha, Z. (2009d). Virtual
Teams: a Literature Review. [Review paper]. Australian Journal of Basic
and Applied Sciences, 3(3), 2653-2669.


Ale Ebrahim, N., Ahmed, S., & Taha, Z. (2010a). SMEs;
Virtual research and development (R&D) teams and new product
development: A literature review. [Review]. International Journal of the
Physical Sciences, 5(7), 916–930.


Ale Ebrahim, N., Ahmed, S., & Taha, Z. (2010b). Virtual
R&D teams and SMEs growth: A comparative study between Iranian and
Malaysian SMEs. [Full Length Research Paper]. African Journal of
Business Management, 4(11), 2368-2379.


Ale Ebrahim, N., Ahmed, S., & Taha, Z. (2011). Virtual
R&D Teams: A potential growth of education-industry collaboration.
Academic Leadership Journal, 9(4), 1-5.


Andersen, P. H., & Drejer, I. (2009). Together we share?
Competitive and collaborative supplier interests in product development.
Technovation, 29(10), 690-703.


Anderson, A. H., McEwan, R., Bal, J., & Carletta, J.
(2007). Virtual team meetings: An analysis of communication and context.
Computers in Human Behavior, 23, 2558–2580.


Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural
equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step
approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411-423.


Aripin, N., Mustafa, H., & Hussein, A. (2011). Virtual
Teams In Malaysia: A Qualitative Investigation In Multimedia Super
Corridor Status Companies. Journal of Techno-Social, 2(1), 37-58.


Atuahene-Gima, K. (2003). The effects of centrifugal and
centripetal forces on product development speed and quality: how does
problem solving matter? Academy of Management Journal, 46(3), 359-373.


Badrinarayanan, V., & Arnett, D. B. (2008). Effective
virtual new product development teams: an integrated framework.
[Conceptual paper]. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing,
23(4), 242-248.


Bal, J., & Gundry, J. (1999). Virtual teaming in the automotive supply chain. Team Performance Management, 5(6), 174 - 193.


Bal, J., & Teo, P. K. (2001a). Implementing virtual
teamworking: Part 2 - a literature review. [Research paper]. Logistics
Information Management, 14(3), 208 - 222.


Bal, J., & Teo, P. K. (2001b). Implementing virtual
teamworking: Part 3 – a methodology for introducing virtual teamworking.
[Research paper]. Logistics Information Management, 14(4), 276 - 292.


Baskerville, R., & Nandhakumar, J. (2007). Activating and
Perpetuating Virtual Teams: Now That We’re Mobile, Where Do We Go? IEEE
Transactions on Professional Communication, 50(1), 17 - 34.


Beranek, P. M., & Martz, B. (2005). Making virtual teams
more effective: improving relational links. [Research article]. Team
Performance Management, 11(5-6), 200-213.


Bergiel, J. B., Bergiel, E. B., & Balsmeier, P. W. (2008).
Nature of virtual teams: a summary of their advantages and
disadvantages. [Conceptual paper]. Management Research News, 31(2),
99-110.


Biuk-Aghai, R. P. (2003). Patterns of Virtual Collaboration. University of Technology, Sydney.


Bochenek, G., & Ragusa, J. (2004). Improving Integrated
Project Team Interaction Through Virtual (3D) Collaboration. Engineering
Management Journal, 16(2), 3-12.


Bosch-Sijtsema, P. M., Ruohomäki, V., & Vartiainen, M.
(2009). Knowledge work productivity in distributed teams. [Conceptual
paper]. Journal of Knowledge Management, 13(6), 533-546.


Boudreau, M.-C., Loch, K. D., Robey, D., & Straub, D.
(1998). Going Global: Using Information Technology to Advance the
Competitiveness Of the Virtual Transnational Organization. Academy of
Management Executive, 12(4), 120-128.


Boutellier, R., Gassmann, O., Macho, H., & Roux, M.
(1998). Management of dispersed product development teams: The role of
information technologies. R&D Management, 28(1), 13 - 25.


Boyle, A. T., Kumar, V., & Kumar, U. (2006). Concurrent
engineering teams II: performance consequences of usage. Team
Performance Management, 12(5/6), 125-137.


Boyle, T. A. (2005). Concurrent engineering teams I:
organizational determinants of usage. [Research paper]. Team Performance
Management, 11(7/8), 263-279.


Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS:
Basic concepts, applications, and programming (Second Edition ed.). New
York: Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.


Camarinha-Matos, L. M., & Afsarmanesh, H. (2003). Elements
of a base VE infrastructure. Computers in Industry, 51(2), 139-163.


Camarinha-Matos, L. M., & Afsarmanesh, H. (2007). A
comprehensive modeling framework for collaborative networked
organizations. Journal Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 18(5),
529-542.


Cascio, W. F. (2000). Managing a virtual workplace. The Academy of Management Executive, 14(3), 81-90.


Cascio, W. F., & Shurygailo, S. (2003). E-Leadership and Virtual Teams. Organizational Dynamics, 31(4), 362-376.


Chen, H. H., Kang, Y. K., Xing, X., Lee, A. H. I., & Tong,
Y. (2008). Developing new products with knowledge management methods
and process development management in a network. Computers in Industry,
59, 242–253.


Chen, M., Liou, Y., Wang, C. W., Fan, Y. W., & Chi, Y. P.
J. (2007). Team Spirit: Design, implementation, and evaluation of a
Web-based group decision support system. Decision Support Systems, 43,
1186–1202.


Chen, T.-Y. (2008). Knowledge sharing in virtual enterprises
via an ontology-based access control approach. Computers in Industry,
59(5), 502-519.


Chen, T. Y., Chen, Y. M., & Ch, H. C. (2008). Developing a
trust evaluation method between co-workers in virtual project team for
enabling resource sharing and collaboration. Computers in Industry,
59(6), 565-579.


Chudoba, K. M., Wynn, E., Lu, M., Watson-Manheim, & Beth,
M. (2005). How virtual are we? Measuring virtuality and understanding
its impact in a global organization. Information Systems Journal, 15(4),
279-306.


Coleman, D., & Levine, S. (2008). Collaboration 2.0:
Technology and Best Practices for Successful Collaboration in a Web 2.0
World. Silicon Valley, California, USA: Happy About®.


Cooper, R. G. (2001). Winning At New Products : Accelerating
the Process From Idea to Launch (THIRD EDITION ed.). Cambridge,
Massachusetts: Perseus Press.


Corso, M., Martini, A., Pellegrini, L., Massa, S., &
Testa, S. (2006). Managing dispersed workers: the new challenge in
Knowledge Management. Technovation, 26(5-6), 583-594.


Criscuolo, P. (2005). On the road again: Researcher mobility inside the R&D network. Research Policy, 34, 1350–1365.


Cummings, J. L., & Teng, B. S. (2003). Transferring
R&D knowledge: the key factors affecting knowledge transfer success.
Journal of Engineering Technology Management, 20(1), 39–68.


Daoudi, J. (2010). Dynamique de collaboration au sein des
équipes dispersées: Le cas des projets d'ingénierie. Unpublished DU
DIPLÔME DE PHILOSOPHIAE DOCTOR (Ph.D.), UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL,
MONTRÉAL.


Dekker, D. M., Rutte, C. G., & Van den Berg, P. T. (2008).
Cultural differences in the perception of critical interaction
behaviors in global virtual teams. International Journal of
Intercultural Relations, 32(5), 441-452.


Dibrell, C., Davis, P. S., & Craig, J. (2008). Fueling
Innovation through Information Technology in SMEs. Journal of Small
Business Management, 46(2), 203-218.


Duhovnik, J., Starbek, M., Dwivedi, S. N., & Prasad, B.
(2001). Development of New Products in Small Companies. Concurrent
Engineering, 9(3), 191-210.


Ebrahim, N. A., Ahmed, S., & Taha, Z. (2010a). SMEs;
Virtual research and development (R&D) teams and new product
development: A literature review. [Review]. International Journal of the
Physical Sciences, 5(7), 916-930.


Ebrahim, N. A., Ahmed, S., & Taha, Z. (2010b). Virtual
R&D teams and SMEs growth: A comparative study between Iranian and
Malaysian SMEs. [Article]. African Journal of Business Management,
4(11), 2368-2379.


El-Tayeh, A., Gil, N., & Freeman, J. (2008). A methodology
to evaluate the usability of digital socialization in ‘‘virtual’’
engineering design. [Original Paper]. Research in Engineering Design,
19(1), 29-45.


Eppinger, S. D., & Chitkara, A. R. (2006). The New
Practice of Global Product Development. MIT Sloan Management Review,
47(4), 22-30.


Flores, M. (2006). Towards a Taxonomy for Networking Models
For Innovation Network-Centric Collaboration and Supporting Frameworks
(Vol. 224, pp. 55-66). Boston: Springer.


Foster, M. K. (2010). Assessing Degree of Virtuality and Its Impact on Team Effectiveness. MORGAN STATE UNIVERSITY.


Fuller, J., Bartl, M., Ernst, H., & Mühlbacher, H. (2006).
Community based innovation: How to integrate members of virtual
communities into new product development. Electronic Commerce Research,
6(1), 57-73.


Fuller, M. A., Hardin, A. M., & Davison, R. M. (2006).
Efficacy in Technology-Mediated Distributed Team. Journal of Management
Information Systems, 23(3), 209-235.


Furst, S. A., Reeves, M., Rosen, B., & Blackburn, R. S.
(2004). Managing the life cycle of virtual teams. Academy of Management
Executive, 18(2), 6-20.


Gassmann, O., & Von Zedtwitz, M. (2003a). Innovation Processes in Transnational Corporations: Elsevier Science Ltd.


Gassmann, O., & Von Zedtwitz, M. (2003b). Trends and
determinants of managing virtual R&D teams. R&D Management,
33(3), 243-262.


Gaudes, A., Hamilton-Bogart, B., Marsh, S., & Robinson, H.
(2007). A Framework for Constructing Effective Virtual Teams. The
Journal of E-working, 1(2), 83-97.


Ge, Z., & Hu, Q. (2008). Collaboration in R&D
activities: Firm-specific decisions. European Journal of Operational
Research, 185(2), 864-883.


Gomez, J. O., & Simpson, M. (2007). Achieving competitive
advantage in the Mexican footwear industry. Benchmarking: An
International Journal, 14(3), 289-305.


González, F. J. M., & Palacios, T. M. B. (2002). The
effect of new product development techniques on new product success in
Spanish firms. Industrial Marketing Management, 31(3), 261-271.


Guniš, A., Šišlák, J., & Valčuha, Š. (2007).
Implementation Of Collaboration Model Within SME's. In P. F. Cunha &
P. G. Maropoulos (Eds.), Digital Enterprise Technology-Perspectives and
Future Challenges (pp. 377-384): Springer US.


Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., & Anderson, R. (2009). Multivariate Data Analysis (7th Edition ed.).


Hardin, A. M., Fuller, M. A., & Davison, R. M. (2007). I
Know I Can, But Can We?: Culture and Efficacy Beliefs in Global Virtual
Teams. Small Group Research, 38(1), 130-155.


Hertel, G. T., Geister, S., & Konradt, U. (2005). Managing
virtual teams: A review of current empirical research. Human Resource
Management Review, 15, 69–95.


Hinds, P. J., & Bailey, D. E. (2003). Out of Sight, Out of
Sync: Understanding Conflict in Distributed Teams. Organization
Science, 14(6), 615-632.


Ho, R. (2006). Handbook of Univariate and Multivariate Data
Analysis and Interpretation with SPSS (1 edition (March 24, 2006) ed.).
Boca Raton, FL: Chapman and Hall/CRC.


Huang, C.-C. (2009). Knowledge sharing and group cohesiveness
on performance: An empirical study of technology R&D teams in
Taiwan. Technovation, 29(11), 786-797.


Hunsaker, P. L., & Hunsaker, J. S. (2008). Virtual teams: a
leader's guide. [Conceptual paper]. Team Performance Management,
14(1/2), 86-101.


Jain, V. K., & Sobek, D. K. (2006). Linking design process
to customer satisfaction through virtual design of experiments.
[Original paper]. Research in Engineering Design, 17(2), 59-71.


Jarvenpaa, S. L., & Leidner, D. E. (1999). Communication
and Trust in Global Virtual Teams. Organization Science, 10(6), 791 -
815.


Johnson, P., Heimann, V., & O’Neill, K. (2001). The
“wonderland” of virtual teams. Journal of Workplace Learning, 13(1), 24 -
30.


Kankanhalli, A., Tan, B. C. Y., & Wei, K.-K. (2006).
Conflict and Performance in Global Virtual Teams. Journal of Management
Information Systems, 23(3), 237-274.


Kirkman, B. L., Gibson, C. B., & Shapiro, D. L. (2001).
“Exporting” teams enhancing the implementation and effectiveness of work
teams in global affiliates. Organizational Dynamics, 30(1), 12-29.


Kirkman, B. L., Rosen, B., Gibson, C. B., Tesluk, P. E., &
McPherson, S. O. (2002). Five challenges to virtual team success:
lessons from Sabre Inc. Academy of Management Executive, 16(3), 67-79.


Kotelnikov, V. (2007). Small and Medium Enterprises and ICT. Bangkok: UNDP Regional Centre.


Kratzer, J., Leenders, R., & Engelen, J. V. (2005).
Keeping Virtual R&D Teams Creative. Research Technology Management,
1(March-April), 13-16.


Kratzer, J., Leenders, R. T. A. J., & Engelen, J. M. L. V.
(2006). Managing creative team performance in virtual environments: an
empirical study in 44 R&D teams. Technovation, 26, 42–49.


Kusar, J., Duhovnik, J., Grum, J., & Starbek, M. (2004).
How to reduce new product development time. Robotics and
Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 20, 1-15.


Kyriazis, E. (2005). The antecedents and consequences of the
marketing manager and R&D manager working relationship during new
product development: an empirical study. The University of Wollongong.


Laforet, S. (2008). Size, strategic, and market orientation affects on innovation. Journal of Business Research, 61(7), 753-764.


Lee-Kelley, L., & Sankey, T. (2008). Global virtual teams
for value creation and project success: A case study. International
Journal of Project Management, 26, 51–62.


Leenders, R. T. A. J., Engelen, J. M. L. V., & Kratzer, J.
(2003). Virtuality, communication, and new product team creativity: a
social network perspective. Journal of Engineering and Technology
Management, 20, 69–92.


Lei, P.-W. (2009). Evaluating estimation methods for ordinal
data in structural equation modeling. Quality & Quantity, 43(3),
495-507.


Lin, C., Standing, C., & Liu, Y.-C. (2008). A model to
develop effective virtual teams. Decision Support Systems, 45(4),
1031-1045.


Lipnack, J., & Stamps, J. (2000). Why The Way to Work
Virtual Teams: People Working across Boundaries with Technology (Second
Edition ed., pp. 1-25). New York: John Wiley & Sons.


Liu, B., & Liu, S. (2007). Value Chain Coordination with
Contracts for Virtual R&D Alliance Towards Service. Paper presented
at the The 3rd IEEE International Conference on Wireless Communications,
Networking and Mobile Computing, WiCom 2007. Retrieved from
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=4340609


Lurey, J. S., & Raisinghani, M. S. (2001). An empirical
study of best practices in virtual teams. Information & Management,
38(8), 523-544.


Martinez-Sanchez, A., Pérez-Pérez, M., de-Luis-Carnicer, P.,
& Vela-Jiménez, M. J. (2006). Teleworking and new product
development. [Technical paper]. European Journal of Innovation
Management, 9(2), 202-214.


Martins, L. L., Gilson, L. L., & Maynard, M. T. (2004).
Virtual teams: What do we know and where do we go from here? Journal of
Management, 30(6), 805–835.


May, A., & Carter, C. (2001). A case study of virtual team
working in the European automotive industry. International Journal of
Industrial Ergonomics, 27(3), 171-186.


McDonough, E. F., Kahn, K. B., & Barczak, G. (2001). An
investigation of the use of global, virtual, and collocated new product
development teams. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 18(2),
110–120.


McNamara, K., Dennis, A. R., & Carte, T. A. (2008). It’s
the Thought that Counts: The Mediating Effects of Information Processing
in Virtual Team Decision Making. Information Systems Management, 25(1),
20–32.


Merali, Y., & Davies, J. (2001). Knowledge Capture and
Utilization in Virtual Communities. Paper presented at the International
Conference On Knowledge Capture, K-CAP’01. Retrieved from
http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=500754


Mulebeke, J. A. W., & Zheng, L. (2006). Incorporating
integrated product development with technology road mapping for dynamism
and innovation. International Journal of Product Development, 3(1), 56 -
76.


Munkvold, B. E., & Zigurs, I. (2007). Process and
technology challenges in swift-starting virtual teams. Information &
Management, 44(3), 287–299.


Narula, R. (2004). R&D Collaboration by SMEs: new
opportunities and limitations in the face of globalisation.
Technovation, 24(2), 153-161.


Naveh, E. (2005). The effect of integrated product development
on efficiency and innovation. International Journal of Production
Research, 43(13), 2789–2808.


Ojasalo, J. (2008). Management of innovation networks: a case
study of different approaches. European Journal of Innovation
Management, 11(1), 51-86.


Olson-Buchanan, J. B., Rechner, P. L., Sanchez, R. J., &
Schmidtke, J. M. (2007). Utilizing virtual teams in a management
principles course. [Case study]. Education + Training, 49(5), 408-423.


Ortiz de Guinea, A., Webster, J., & Staples, S. (2005,
October 12). A Meta-Analysis of the Virtual Teams Literature. Paper
presented at the Symposium on High Performance Professional Teams
Industrial Relations Centre, School of Policy Studies, Queen’s
University, Kingston, Canada.


Partanen, J., Möller, K., Westerlund, M., Rajala, R., &
Rajala, A. (2008). Social capital in the growth of
science-and-technology-based SMEs. Industrial Marketing Management,
37(5), 513-522.


Paul, S., Seetharaman, P., Samarah, I., & Peter Mykytyn,
J. (2005, January 3-6). Understanding Conflict in Virtual Teams: An
Experimental Investigation using Content Analysis. Paper presented at
the 38th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii.


Pauleen, D. J., & Yoong, P. (2001). Facilitating virtual
team relationships via Internet and conventional communication channels.
[Research Paper]. Internet Research, 11(3), 190 - 202.


Pawar, K. S., & Sharifi, S. (1997). Physical or virtual
team collocation: Does it matter? International Journal of Production
Economics, 52(3), 283-290.


Pena-Mora, F., Hussein, K., Vadhavkar, S., & Benjamin, K.
(2000). CAIRO: a concurrent engineering meeting environment for virtual
design teams. Artifcial Intelligence in Engineering, 14, 203-219.


Piccoli, G., Powell, A., & Ives, B. (2004). Virtual teams:
team control structure, work processes, and team effectiveness.
[Research Paper]. Information Technology & People, 17(4), 359 - 379.


Pihkala, T., Varamaki, E., & Vesalainen, J. (1999).
Virtual organization and the SMEs: a review and model development.
Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 11(4), 335 - 349.


Powell, A., Piccoli, G., & Ives, B. (2004). Virtual teams:
a review of current literature and directions for future research. The
Data base for Advances in Information Systems, 35(1), 6–36.


Prasad, K., & Akhilesh, K. B. (2002). Global virtual
teams: what impacts their design and performance? [Research paper]. Team
Performance Management, 8(5/6), 102 - 112.


Precup, L., O'Sullivan, D., Cormican, K., & Dooley, L.
(2006). Virtual team environment for collaborative research projects.
International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 3(1), 77 - 94.


Rabelo, L., & Jr., T. H. S. (2005). Sustaining growth in
the modern enterprise: A case study. Journal of Engineering and
Technology Management JET-M, 22, 274-290.


Radas, S., & Bozic, L. (2009). The antecedents of SME
innovativeness in an emerging transition economy. Technovation, 29(6-7),
438-450.


Raval, M. R. R., Ale Ebrahim, N., Ahmed, S., & Taha, Z.
(2010). WORK TOGETHER… WHEN APART CHALLENGES AND WHAT IS NEED FOR
EFFECTIVE VIRTUAL TEAMS. [Review]. Journal of Information, Knowledge and
Research in Business Management and Administration, 1(1), 1-3.


Redoli, J., Mompó, R., García-Díez, J., & López-Coronado,
M. (2008). A model for the assessment and development of Internet-based
information and communication services in small and medium enterprises.
Technovation, 28(7), 424-435.


Reger, G. (2004). Coordinating globally dispersed research
centers of excellence—the case of Philips Electronics. Journal of
International Management, 10, 51– 76.


Rice, D. J., Davidson1, B. D., Dannenhoffer, J. F., & Gay,
G. K. (2007). Improving the Effectiveness of Virtual Teams by Adapting
Team Processes. Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 16, 567–594.


Richtne´r, A., & Rognes, J. (2008). Organizing R&D in a
global environment-Increasing dispersed co-operation versus continuous
centralization. [Case study]. European Journal of Innovation Management,
11(1), 125-141.


Rosen, B., Furst, S., & Blackburn, R. (2007). Overcoming
Barriers to Knowledge Sharing in Virtual Teams. Organizational Dynamics,
36(3), 259–273.


Salmela, E., & Lukka, A. (2004). Value added logistics in
supply and demand chains SMILE. Part 1 : Ebusiness between global
company and its local SME supplier network,Research Report 153, ISBN
951-764-925-8.


Samarah, I., Paul, S., & Tadisina, S. (2007).
Collaboration Technology Support for Knowledge Conversion in Virtual
Teams: A Theoretical Perspective. Paper presented at the 40th Hawaii
International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), Hawai.


Schmidt, J. B., Montoya-Weiss, M. M., & Massey, A. P.
(2001). New product development decision-making effectiveness: Comparing
individuals, face-to-face teams, and virtual teams. Decision Sciences,
32(4), 1-26.


Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). A beginner's
guide to structural equation modeling. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence
Erlbaum Associates, Inc.


Shachaf, P. (2008). Cultural diversity and information and
communication technology impacts on global virtual teams: An exploratory
study. Information & Management, 45(2), 131-142.


Shachaf, P., & Hara, N. (2005). Team Effectiveness in
Virtual Environments: An Ecological Approach. In P. a. G. Ferris, S.,
(Ed.), Teaching and Learning with Virtual Teams (pp. 83-108): Idea Group
Publishing.


Shah, R., & Goldstein, S. M. (2006). Use of structural
equation modeling in operations management research: Looking back and
forward. [doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.jom.2005.05.001]. Journal Of Operations
Management, 24(2), 148-169.


Sharma, M., Raja, V., Fernando, T., Pham, D. T., Eldukhri, E.
E., & Soroka, A. J. (2006). Collaborative design review in a
distributed environment Intelligent Production Machines and Systems (pp.
65-70). Oxford: Elsevier Science Ltd.


Shin, Y. (2005). Conflict Resolution in Virtual Teams. Organizational Dynamics, 34(4), 331-345.


Shumarova, E. V. (2009). Authority-based and Bottom-up
Diffusion of Collaboration Information Technologies: Constraints and
Enablements. Universität Koblenz-Landau.


Singh, R. K., Garg, S. K., & Deshmukh, S. G. (2008).
Strategy development by SMEs for competitiveness: a review. [General
review]. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 15(5), 525 - 547.


Sorli, M., Stokic, D., Gorostiza, A., & Campos, A. (2006).
Managing product/process knowledge in the concurrent/simultaneous
enterprise environment. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing,
22, 399–408.


Sridhar, V., Nath, D., Paul, R., & Kapur, K. (2007).
Analyzing Factors that Affect Performance of Global Virtual Teams. Paper
presented at the Second International Conference on Management of
Globally Distributed Work. Retrieved from
http://www.globalwork.in/gdw07/pdf/14-159-170.pdf


Starbek, M., & Grum, J. (2002). Concurrent engineering in
small companies. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture,
42(3), 417-426.


Thissen, M. R., Jean, M. P., Madhavi, C. B., & Toyia, L.
A. (2007). Communication tools for distributed software development
teams. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGMIS CPR
conference on Computer personnel research: The global information
technology workforce. Retrieved from
http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1235007&dl=GUIDE&coll=GUIDE&CFID=16506151&CFTOKEN=66535652#


Vaccaro, A., Veloso, F., & Brusoni, S. (2008). The Impact
of Virtual Technologies on Organizational Knowledge Creation: An
Empirical Study. Paper presented at the Hawaii International Conference
on System Sciences. Retrieved from
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=4439057


Von Zedtwitz, M., Gassmann, O., & Boutellier, R. (2004).
Organizing global R&D: challenges and dilemmas. Journal of
International Management, 10(1), 21-49.


Wagner, S. M., & Hoegl, M. (2006). Involving suppliers in
product development: Insights from R&D directors and project
managers. Industrial Marketing Management, 35, 936–943.


Walvoord, A. A. G., Redden, E. R., Elliott, L. R., &
Coovert, M. D. (2008). Empowering followers in virtual teams: Guiding
principles from theory and practice. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(5),
1884-1906.


wikipedia. (2011). Virtual team. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_team


Williams, A., Bellamy, T., Gameson, R., Sherratt, S., &
Sher, W. (2005, 4-8 July). Virtual environments: lessons from industry
transferred to distance-learning education. Paper presented at the The
Queensland University of Technology, Research Week International
Conference, Brisbane, Australia.


Zakaria, N., Amelinckx, A., & Wilemon, D. (2004). Working
Together Apart? Building a Knowledge-Sharing Culture for Global Virtual
Teams. Creativity and Innovation Management, 13(1), 15-29.


Zemliansky, P., & Amant, K. S. (2008). Handbook of
Research on Virtual Workplaces and the New Nature of Business Practices.
New York: IGI Global; illustrated edition edition (April 7, 2008).


Zhang, S., Shen, W., & Ghenniwa, H. (2004). A review of
Internet-based product information sharing and visualization. Computers
in Industry, 54(1), 1-15.


Zhang, Y., Gregory, M., & Shi, Y. (2008). Global
engineering networks (GEN): Drivers, evolution, configuration,
performance and key patterns. Journal of Manufacturing Technology
Management, 19(3), 299 - 314.








DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/iji.v3i2.43


Article Metrics

No metrics found.


Metrics powered by PLOS ALM







Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.







Creative Commons License


This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.










International Journal of Innovation - IJI e-ISSN: 2318-9975

http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/iji


















Virtual R&D Teams: A New Model for Product Development

No comments:

Post a Comment